Sequences and series
(Excerpt from "The MathML Handbook" by Pavi Sandhu)
The following content elements can be used to represent limits, sequences, and series: sum, product, limit, and tendsto.
The sum and product elements are used to represent the summation and product operators. You can indicate the range over which the summation or product occurs either by using the uplimit and lowlimit qualifier elements, or more generally by using the condition element. Here is an example of using the sum element:
<apply>
<sum/>
<bvar><ci>x</ci></bvar>
<lowlimit><ci>a</ci></lowlimit>
<uplimit><ci>b</ci></uplimit>
<apply>
<ci type="fn">f</ci>
<ci>x</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
The limit element is used to represent the operation of taking a limit. The qualifier elements bvar and lowlimit are used to indicate the variable and the value it is approaching. Here is an example:
<apply>
<limit/>
<bvar><ci>x</ci></bvar>
<lowlimit><cn>0</cn></lowlimit>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<sin/>
<ci>x</ci>
</apply>
<ci>x</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
The tendsto element is used to indicate that a quantity is tending to a specified value. Here is an example:
<apply>
<tendsto/>
<ci>x</ci>
<cn>0</cn>
</apply>
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